Remember that density is the mass per unit volume. These materials have been eroded over time by natural forces like wind, ice, and moving water. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The sand replacement test method is used to determine in situ dry density of soil. The goal of this project is to measure the density and porosity of various samples of sand. Remove the surcharge base-plate handle. The Density of Sand utility returns sand density based on sand conditions (wet/dry in bulk / packaged). Calculate the mass of the sand alone. Density is an important parameter for sand. Calculate the air space volume. The result is the percentage of the original volume of sand that is occupied by air in between the grains. Paver Sand Calculator – How Much Paver Sand Do I Need? Specific Weight or Unit weight of Sand Unit weight or Specific Weight of sand is calculated by the product of the density of sand and the standard gravity of sand. Whether you’re planning to build an elaborate patio or a paved driveway, you must first create a … (13) Empty the mold and determine the weight of the mold. Record Ri to the nearest 0.001 in. Do your background research so that you are familiar with the terms, concepts, and questions, above. Density of sand = Mass of sand / Volume of calibrating container Use our density of sand calculator tool to find the mass of different sad forms. Degree of compaction = Dry density x 100 (370/Maximum dry density. The field density of […] You can organize your data in a table like the one below: As you can see, some of the columns contain measured data, and others are from calculations that you perform on the measured data. The individual grains come in many different sizes. Calculate the fractional air space. (5) Place the surcharge base plate on the surface of the soil and twist it slightly several times so that it is placed firmly and uniformly in contact with the surface of the soil. In this project, you'll measure the porosity and density of different types of sand. Here's some good background information on the structure of sand: Astronauts bringing sand into space? The perfect thing to liven up a rainy day, school vacation, or moment of boredom. Stir the mixture so that the water can completely penetrate the sand. As Geoffrey White states, the bulk density of some so-called “sharp sand” is around 1.6 and 1.8 t/m³. For any other use, please contact Science Buddies. Its particle density may be around 2.5 t/m³. c Calculate the density of the sand density of sand g cm 3 3 d A miner has a from HSPD 217 at Suzhou University of Science and Technology Multiply the bank weight by the load factor to get loose weight. Bulk Density of Sand What is your enthusiasm for science after doing your project? What is the density of sharp sand? Read the actual volume of sand using the markings on the graduated cylinder. Dry density = Wet density x 100%/ Moisture content of soil + 100. Divide the mass of the sand by the volume of the sand. Again weigh the cylinder (now with the sand sample inside) and record the mass. The relative density is written in the following formulas: How does air space change as the grain size of the sand varies? All rights reserved. (9) Vibrate the mold assembly and soil specimen for 8 min. HOW TO INCREASE REPETITION VALUE OF PLYWOOD? See fig-1. Use this paver sand calculator to solve for the amount of sand you need to create a stable layer under a pavement. Sand calculator formula When you enter your measurements into the calculator, it works out the area and volume of the sand required using the below formulas: $$Area = Length \times Width$$ $$Volume = Area \times Depth$$ The sides of the mold may be struck a few times using a metal bar or rubber hammer to settle the soil so that the surcharge base-plate can be easily placed into position and there is no surge of air from the mold when vibration is initiated. 6 PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USED BY DESIGNERS, Design procedures for a Building Foundation (Step by Step), 10 PRACTICAL PROBLEMS TO THINK BEFORE DESIGNING A FOUNDATION. density of sand, Silica is equal to 1 538 kg/m³. Relative density and percent compaction are commonly used for evaluating the state of compactness of a given soil mass. Relative Density or Density Index Test of Sand. You don't have to remember the density of sand though - our calculator has a preset value for density. Volume of hole: Vh = (weight of sand in hole W9) / (bulk density of sand ρs) = 1.3953 kg / 1423.8 kg/m 3 = 9.8 x 10-4 m 3. Your email address will not be published. The Density of Fill Sand : 2,410 lb/yd³ or 1.21 t/yd³ or 0.8 yd³/t The approximate density of sand is 1600 kg/m 3 (100 lb/ft 3). The relative density of a soil is the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the difference between the maximum index void ratio and the field void ratio of a cohesionless, free-draining soil; to the difference between its maximum and minimum index void ratios. Wet density of Soil in-situ = Mass of wet excavated soil (W4)/Volume of hole (V). ASTM D 4253 – Standard Test Methods for Maximum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils Using a Vibratory Table. (2) Trim off the excess soil level with the top by carefully trimming the soil surface with a straightedge. Obtain six sets of dial indicator readings, three on each side of each guide bracket. (4) Again fill the mold with soil (do not use the same soil used in step 1) and level the surface of the soil by using a scoop or pouring device (funnel) in order to minimize the soil segregation. Are you planning to do a project from Science Buddies? Calculate the air space volume. When sand grains are piled on top of one another, the grains don't fit perfectly together. How does pencil-tamping affect the density of the sand sample? X 0.012 = 0.12 cu.m. In Imperial or US customary measurement system, the density is equal to 96.01 pound per cubic foot [lb/ft³], or 0.89 ounce per cubic inch [oz/inch³] . Stirring would "un-pack" the sand, so you'll need to come up with a good way to get water into the sample without disturbing the sand by stirring. ASTM D 4254 – Standard Test Methods for Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density. Please log in (or create a free account) to let us know how things went. To do this project, you should do research that enables you to understand the following terms and concepts: To do this experiment you will need the following materials and equipment: Disclaimer: Clean and dry both graduated cylinders, and repeat steps 2-9 three times for each type of sand you are testing (do at least four trials per type of sand). Sand Density Formula: The ratio of mass of the sand to the volume of calibrating container gives you the density of sand. Science Buddies Staff. To calculate the void ratio (e) of the natural state of the soil, first calculate density of soil (ρd) and ρs=GS*ρw (use Gs value as determined from specific gravity test) as follows: e = (ρs /ρd)-1 This lab is performed to determine the relative density of cohesionless, free-draining soils using a vibrating table. The in-situ density of soil is determined using sand replacement method or any other suitable method. (10) Determine and record the dial indicator gage readings as in step (7). (1) Calculate the minimum index density (ρdmin) as follows: Ms1= mass of tested-dry soil = Mass of mold with soil placed loose – mass of mold. Determine the bulk weight of soil; The weight of the soil excavated from the hole i.e. We use cookies and those of third party providers to deliver the best possible web experience and to compile statistics. To calculate the granules of sand per unit volume, enter the volume of calibrating container and mass of sand in the above text box. The engineering properties, such as shear strength, compressibility, and permeability, of a given soil depend on the level of compaction. Pour the soil sample from the 10 mL graduated cylinder into the 50 mL graduated cylinder. Sand, Silica weighs 1.54 gram per cubic centimeter or 1 538 kilogram per cubic meter, i.e. scibuddy@sciencebuddies.org. Calculate Fill Sand Type in inches and feet of your project and calculate the estimated amount of Sand / Screenings in cubic yards, cubic feet and Tons, that your need for your project. The density of a slurry where. It's the weight of the particles of the soil divided by the total volume. Did you ever stop and think how it is that you can make the sand take up less space? Bags . 7 FACTORS INFLUENCING REBOUND HAMMER TEST OF CONCRETE. Measure and record the total volume of the sand/water mixture. The test is normally carried out on dry material, but when bulking tests are required, material with a given percentage of moisture may be used. Measure out 7-8 mL of water in the 10 mL graduated cylinder. Science Buddies, a 501(c)(3) public charity, and keep our resources free for everyone. Reproduction of material from this website without written permission is strictly prohibited. Or is the amount of air space the same (or even greater) in fine-grained sand because there are more grains (thus more air pockets) in the same space? Copyright © 2002-2020 Science Buddies. "Sand Structure: Measuring Density and Porosity of Sand.". Come back and tell us about your project using the “I Did This Project” link for the project you choose. (1) Fill the mold with the soil (approximately 0.5 inch to 1 inch above the top of the mold) as loosely as possible by pouring the soil using a scoop or pouring device (funnel). Record the measured volume in your lab notebook. Your email address will not be published. If you have any comments (positive or negative) related to purchases you've made for science projects from recommendations on our site, please let us know. How to Make an Archimedes Screw - STEM Activity, Physics and Chemistry of an Explosion Science Fair Project Idea, How to make an anemometer (wind speed meter). Sand= (1.5/5.5) x 1.54 = 0.42 m3 ∴ 1.5 is a part of Sand, 5.5 is sum of ratio Density of Sand is 1450/m3 For KG = 0.42 x 1450 = 609 kg As we know that 1m3 = 35.31 CFT See fig-2. r b = M s /V s = 575g/400cm 3 = 1.44g/ cm 3 . Bulk density, or dry bulk density, is a property of soils and other masses of particulate material. Spiraling motion should be just sufficient to minimize particle segregation. Then empty the mold (M1). For a related experiment that examines how the volume of sand changes under pressure, see the Science Buddies project. This test is of significant importance and it has been widely used in various construction project sites. density of sand, Silica is equal to 1 538 kg/m³. Record the exact amount in your lab notebook. Sand is made up of tiny individual grains. If you have any comments (positive or negative) related to purchases you've made for science projects from recommendations on our site, please let us know. Read on to find out exactly what density is, how it works, and how to calculate density. Density of Cement = 1440 kg/ m 3 = 0.3636 X 1440 = 523 kg = 10.5 Approx. Use the funnel to pour a sample of dry sand into the graduated cylinder. Sand, Silica weighs 1.54 gram per cubic centimeter or 1 538 kilogram per cubic meter, i.e. The density of the sand is affected if the sand is compacted (bulged) or loose and if it is wet or dry. According to the US customary measurement system, dry weighs 1.631 gram per cubic centimeter, this density is equal to 101.8 pounds per cubic foot [lb/ft³]. You can connect me on Google +. How does pencil-tamping affect the porosity of the sand sample? It will be equal to the volume of the sand alone plus the volume of the water alone minus the volume of the sand/water mixture. The average of these twelve readings is the initial dial gage reading, Ri. 1) The density of a given material does not change based on the amount of material given (density of 1g of sand = density of 5000kg of sand). When printing this document, you may NOT modify it in any way. WHAT IS BLENDED CEMENT AND WHAT ARE ITS ADVANTAGES? In Imperial or US customary measurement system, the density is equal to 96.01 pound per cubic foot [lb/ft³], or 0.89 ounce per cubic inch [oz/inch³]. Now comes the tricky part: Can you figure out a way to get water to permeate the sample without stirring it? Science Buddies participates in affiliate programs with Multiply the volume by the density (in the same units) to get the weight There is finer and more coarse sand, so the density, measured for dry sand in kg per cubic meter or pounds per cubic feet, of your particular shipment may vary. You want it to be about half-way full (5-6 mL), but the exact amount is not critical. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! Our top priority is student learning. The result is the density of the metal measured in g/cm 3. Quantity of sand = 1620 Kg = 1.62 tons. Sand Density. Please enter a search term in the text box. Weight of Coarse Aggregates = volume x density, Density of Coarse Aggregates = 1520 kg/m^3 Weight of Coarse Aggregates = 0.84 x 1520 = 1276.8 kg (1.28 tonnes) The above calculation you can use for all Grade of Concrete but just you have to put the different Grade of concrete like M10, M 15, M20, M25 etc. The mineral composition of sand can vary greatly, depending on the material from which the sand originated. The sand is then filled in the site hole from where the soil is excavated. 1. For sand, density is determined by multiplying the relative density (specific gravity) of the sand times the density of water. 2. Divide the mass of the sand by the volume of the sand. VISCOSITY GRADE BITUMEN – WHAT ARE THE TYPES AND THEIR SPECIFICATIONS? Amazon.com, For 1 cubic meter of mortar in 1:3 you need 0.9975 cubic meter ( 35.22 cft ) or 1620 kg ( 1.62 tons ) of sand quantity Weigh the empty graduated cylinder on the kitchen scale. The volume of these voids in a sample of sand is sometimes referred to as the porosity of the sand. Step-1:Calculate the dry volume of cement and sand mixture required Volume of plaster = Area X Thickness = 10 sq.m. the density of the solids is 2500 kg/m 3; the density of the liquid is 1000 kg/m 3 This document describes methods for doing this. 1 cuft of sand = 46 Kg ( approx ) 35.22 Cuft of sand = 46 Kg × 35.22 = 1620 Kg. Jameco Electronics. Write to us at, Fast Weigh MS-500-BLK Digital Pocket Scale, 500 by 0.1 G, Beach Bum Science: Compression of Wet Sand. (6) Attach the mold to the vibrating table. (11) Remove the surcharge base-plate from the mold and detach the mold from the vibrating table. Also, determine the thickness of the surcharge base-plate, Tp. Calculate the bulk density of a 400 cm3 soil sample that weighs 575 g (oven dry weight). Here's how to calculate the fractional air space: Divide the air space volume (in mL) by the starting volume of sand (also in mL). Sand Quantity = ( Sand Part / Concrete Parts ) * Concrete Volume = (1.5/5.5) * 2 = 0.5454 m 3. Soil can become compacted over time by pressure from above. To know more about me just visit AboutMe, WITHOUT USING VIBRATORY TABLE IS THERE ANY ALTERNATE METHOD FOR FINDING RELATIVE DENSITY. Do smaller grains pack together more tightly so that the sand is less porous? Volume of sand in cubic foot = 0.9975 ×35.3147 = 35.22 Cuft. (0.025 mm). Our top priority is student learning. Density is defined as mass divided by volume. The density of the calibrating sand is first determined in the laboratory. Calculate the in-situ bulk density of soil It will be equal to the volume of the sand alone plus the volume of the water alone minus the volume of the sand/water mixture. Overall, how would you rate the quality of this project? See fig-2. Carolina Biological, and Note: more advanced students can use a spreadsheet program to perform the data analysis calculations. Compared to a typical science class, please tell us how much you learned doing this project. There are voids (empty spaces) in between the grains. (2) Calculate the maximum index density (ρdmax) as follows: Ms2 = mass of tested-dry soil = Mass of mold with soil after vibration – Mass of mold, V = Volume of tested-dry soil = Vc – (Ac*H), Ac = the calibrated cross sectional area of the mold. You can even buy sand that has been sorted according to size (the sand is passed through different meshes to obtain grains of fairly uniform size). The swell factor can be used to calculate the volume increase. What do you think? 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